Module attachment apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

Exemplary systems and methods described herein can be used to secure a rail to a module or the rail to a support using a nut that can be inserted at a desired point of mounting. Another exemplary system describes a flashing to be inserted under a roof shingle, wherein the flashing is secured to a support for a rail or module. Yet another exemplary system describes a clamp that secures a rail or module and is adjustable along the length of a post. Spacers can be added to the post to extend the adjustment range of the clamp.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/071,891, entitled “Device and Method for Solar Panel Installation,” filed May 22, 2008, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Universal End Clamp,” filed May 22, 2009, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, entitled “Camming Clamp for Roof Seam,” filed May 22, 2009.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates generally to securing a solar module or other component to a surface.

BACKGROUND

Solar energy generation is a rapidly growing technology worldwide and offers the potential of almost unlimited clean and sustainable energy. However, the use of solar electric technology has been limited by the costs associated with installing solar panels to existing and new structures and facilities.

Solar cell array installation is a very specialized line of work and requires special equipment and expertise. Because solar modules need maximum exposure to sunlight to operate efficiently, they are often installed on the rooftops of structures or buildings. Rooftops are convenient because they typically represent unused space on a structure. Rooftops are also less prone to vandalism or theft than locations that are accessible from the ground. While rooftops are often good locations to install solar modules, they introduce a number of complications into the installation process. Most notably, rooftop installations introduce increased risk of water leakage as components are fixed through roofing membranes and into structural members below. Some conventional installations require bolting a support component directly to the roof, which can cause leakage from water that seeps in from the separation between roof tiles. Rooftop surfaces are often visible and require a smooth, level installation, which is often at odds with the undulating, settled surfaces common in roof surfaces. Working on roof surfaces typically introduces numerous access and safety challenges which must be overcome, and therefore limiting the amount of time for installation or maintenance on the roof is highly advantageous to an installer.

For these reasons, it is desirable to have a solar cell array mounting solution that offers robust protection against the elements, has an adaptive configuration for accommodating roof and other mounting surface irregularities, and contains features that make installation as quick and efficient as possible to minimize installation time on the roof.

Solar panel performance is closely tied to the orientation of a module as it operates. Because systems to track the sun can be expensive and can require a lot of surface area of a roof, modules are typically mounted fixed in the orientation that yields the best annual energy or cost performance. Tilt angles in the range of 10 to 20 degrees are most common, with higher angles found in higher latitudes or off-grid systems with greater demand for production in winter months. For this reason, some complete solar cell array installation solutions include tilt options for the modules when they are installed on flat or low tilt situations.

Large commercial roof spaces are often subject to this flat roof, tilt configuration requirement. However, due to the complexity of commercial roof construction and the high reliability requirement of commercial roof membranes, roof penetrations may be exceedingly expensive in commercial applications. In some conventional systems, a rail can only be attached to a support at certain locations, which can make tilting and height adjustments difficult and installation can be more time consuming.

When installing components in some conventional systems, a module is attached to a rail by sliding a securing mechanism along the length of the rail to the desired mounting point. A similar procedure is sometimes utilized for securing the rail to a support component on the roof. As a result, the process may require added time for sliding each securing mechanism to the appropriate rail position. It is desirable to have a securing mechanism that can be inserted into the rail at the point of desired mounting.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Various embodiments described herein attempt to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional techniques and devices for solar cell array installation. The systems, methods, and devices described herein can offer, among other advantages, decreased cost of installing solar cell arrays or components thereof.

In one embodiment, a nut for securing a component to a rail comprises an aperture for receiving a bolt; a first flange configured for engaging a first recess on a first side of the rail; and a second flange configured for engaging a second recess on a second side of the rail opposing the first side of the rail, wherein the nut is configured to be inserted or removed from the rail at an angle.

In another embodiment, an assembly for securing a component to a roof comprises a base configured to be secured to the roof, a flashing installed over the base including a rectangular portion configured to extend toward a higher elevated side of the roof and to be installed under a shake, shingle, slate, or tile, and a domed portion configured to substantially cover the base; and a support secured to the base through a securing component that extends from the base and through the flashing, wherein the support is configured to secure a module or a rail.

In yet another embodiment, an assembly comprises a base; a post secured to and extending from the base; a clamp configured for securing a rail, module, or supporting component to the post. The clamp comprises a post-receiving aperture for receiving the post; a first flange; a second flange; a void between the first and second flanges, wherein the void abuts the aperture; and a securing aperture for receiving a securing component for securing the rail or module to the clamp, wherein rotating the securing component causes the first flange to approach the second flange and decrease the size of the post-receiving aperture.

In another embodiment, an assembly for securing a component to a base comprises a post; a clamp secured to the component, wherein the clamp is adjustable substantially along the length of the post; and at least one spacer secured to the post, wherein the clamp is adjustable substantially along the length of the spacer.

In yet another embodiment, an assembly for securing a component to a base comprises a support component configured to be secured to the base and for securing the component; and at least one spacer secured to the support component.

Additional features and advantages of an embodiment will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the exemplary embodiments in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by way of example and not limited to the following figures:

FIG. 1 a shows a cross-sectional view of a snap-in channel nut in a first installation stage according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 1 b shows a cross-sectional view of a snap-in channel nut in a second installation stage according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 1 c shows a cross-sectional view of a snap-in channel nut in a third installation stage according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 1 d shows a cross-sectional view of a snap-in channel nut in a fourth installation stage according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 1 e shows a cross-sectional view of a snap-in channel nut in a first installation stage according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 1 f shows a cross-sectional view of a snap-in channel nut in a second installation stage according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 1 g shows a cross-sectional view of a snap-in channel nut in a third installation stage according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 1 h shows a cross-sectional view of a snap-in channel nut in a fourth installation stage according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 a shows an exploded perspective view of an L-foot and flashing assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 b shows an exploded cross-sectional view of an L-foot and flashing assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 c shows a cross-sectional view of an L-foot and flashing assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 d shows a perspective view of an L-foot and flashing assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 e shows a perspective view of a base according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 f shows a perspective view of a flashing according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 a shows a perspective view of a base according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 b shows a perspective view of a flashing according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 c shows a perspective view of a flashing according to an alternative exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 3 d shows a perspective view of a flashing system according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 a shows an exploded perspective view of a post clamp according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 b shows a perspective view of a post clamp according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 c shows a perspective view of a post clamp according to an alternative exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 4 d shows a perspective view of a post clamp according to an alternative exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 a shows a cross sectional view of a clamp assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 b shows a cross sectional view of a clamp assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 c shows a cross sectional view of a clamp assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 5 d shows a cross sectional view of a clamp assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 a shows a cross sectional view of an L-foot assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 b shows a cross sectional view of an L-foot assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 c shows a cross sectional view of an L-foot assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 d shows a cross sectional view of an L-foot assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Although the exemplary embodiments describe a solar module and solar module installation, the description herein is intended to include any component of a solar cell array to be secured, including, but not limited to, a photovoltaic array, a photovoltaic module, a solar cell, a rail, a solar panel, a solar tracker, a mounting post or pole, a mounting bracket, or other related hardware. However, the term module is not intended to be limited only to components used for solar energy and solar component installation. The module can apply to any component that can be secured to a roof or other surface, including, but not limited to, a satellite dish, an antenna, and HVAC equipment.

Referring to FIGS. 1 a to 1 d, an exemplary embodiment showing a cross-sectional view of an installation of a snap-in channel nut 100, 110 is shown. Although this exemplary embodiment shows the installation of the snap-in channel nut 100, 110, the snap-in channel nut 100, 110 can be removed by using substantially the reverse method. Also, although two snap-in channel nuts 100, 110 are shown being installed into a rail 120, it is intended that an installation may utilize only one snap-in channel nut. In one example, only snap-in channel nut 110 is used because the rail 120 attaches to a module using means other than the snap-in channel nut 100. In another example, only snap-in channel nut 100 is used because the rail 120 is attached to a roof support using means other than the snap-in channel nut 110. Although the exemplary embodiment describes the installation and configuration of the snap-in channel nut 100 in substantially the same way as snap-in channel nut 110, each snap-in channel nut 100, 110 is not required to be identical to each other.

The rail 120 can secure at least one module (not shown) and the rail 120 can be secured to a roof or other surface (not shown). As known by one of ordinary skill in the art, the rail 120 can be configured in different ways and is not limited to the configuration or orientation described in this exemplary embodiment. The rail 120 has a first component 120 a and a second component 120 b configured perpendicular to the first component 120 a. At approximately the mid-point of the first component 120 a, a third component 120 c extends from the rail 120 in a direction substantially parallel to the second component 120 a. A fourth component 120 d extends in a substantially perpendicular direction from the third component 120 c in a direction substantially parallel with the first component 120 a. A fifth component 120 e extends in a substantially perpendicular direction from the fourth component 120 d in a direction substantially parallel with the second component 120 b. A sixth component 120 f extends in a substantially perpendicular direction from the fifth component 120 e in a direction substantially parallel to the first component 120 a.

At a distal end of the first component 120 a, a first flange 120 g extends toward the center of the rail 120, thereby forming a recess 120 h. In this exemplary embodiment, the rail 120 can have a greater thickness at a point before the recess 120 h on the first component 120 a. At a distal end of the second component 120 b, a second flange 120 i extends toward the center of the rail 120, thereby forming a recess 120 j. In this exemplary embodiment, the rail 120 can have a greater thickness at a point before the recess 120 j on the second component 120 b. At a distal end of the sixth component 120 f, a third flange 120 k extends toward the center of the rail 120, thereby forming a recess 120 l. In this exemplary embodiment, the rail 120 can have a greater thickness at a point before the recess 120 l on the sixth component 120 f. The third flange 120 k opposes the first flange 120 g. At substantially the intersection of the fifth component 120 e and the sixth component 120 f, a fourth flange 120 m can extend to form a recess 120 n. In this exemplary embodiment, the rail 120 can extend to on the opposing side of the recess 120 n from the fourth flange 120 m. The fourth flange 120 m opposes the second flange 120 i.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the distal ends of the first component 120 a and the sixth component 120 f can be used to support a module. The distal end of the second component 120 b and the area near the intersection of the fifth component 120 e and the sixth component 120 f can be used to secure the rail 120 to a support member. One advantage to this configuration of rail 120 is that wires or cables can be run along a channel (e.g., between first component 120 a and sixth component 120 f) and the snap-in channel nut 100 can still be installed without interfering with the wires or cables.

The rail 120 can be made of a conductive material, such as aluminum or stainless steel, or a non-conductive material, such as fiberglass, which can eliminate the need to ground the rail 120 when a solar cell module is attached.

The snap-in channel nut 100 is shown as a cross-section, but is substantially rectangular. The nut 100 has an aperture configured to receive a threaded bolt 130. The nut 100 has a first flange 100 a configured to engage recess 120 h. The extension of the flange 100 a causes a recess 100 b. Recess 100 b is configured to engage the first flange 120 g of the rail 120. The nut 100 also has a second flange 100 c configured to engage recess 120 l. The extension of the flange 100 c causes a recess 100 d. The recess 100 d is configured to engage the third flange 120 k of the rail 120.

The snap-in channel nut 110 is shown as a cross-section, but is substantially rectangular. The nut 110 has an aperture configured to receive a threaded bolt 140. The nut 110 has a first flange 110 a configured to engage recess 120 j. The extension of the flange 110 a causes a recess 110 b. Recess 110 b is configured to engage the second flange 120 i of the rail 120. The nut 110 also has a second flange 110 c configured to engage recess 120 n. The extension of the flange 110 c causes a recess 110 d. The recess 110 d is configured to engage the fourth flange 120 m of the rail 120. The nut 110 can secure a mounting component or support 150 to the rail 120.

The nut 100, 110 and/or bolt 130, 140 can be composed of any known or convenient material, including, but not limited to metal, fiberglass, plastic, wood, composites or any other combination of materials. The nut 100, 110 can be manufactured by any process known in the art, including extrusion and cold-forging.

As shown in FIG. 1 a, the nut 100, 110 can be inserted into the rail by angling the nut 100, 110. Because of the flanges 100 a, 100 c, 110 a, 110 c, the nut 100, 110 cannot fit into the opening in the rail 120 without orienting the nut 100, 110 at an angle.

As shown in FIG. 1 b, the nut 100, 110 has been inserted into the rail 120 by orienting the nut 100, 110 at an angle. The depth of insertion of the nut 100, 110 may be limited by the placement of the head of the bolt 130, 140 or the support 150.

As shown in FIG. 1 c, the nut 100, 110 is oriented such that the bolt 130, 140 is more aligned with the direction of insertion. This orientation allows the nut 100, 110 to be inserted even further into the rail 120. The nut 100, 110 is inserted into the rail 120 until the flanges 100 a, 100 c, 110 a, 110 c are inserted past the flanges 120 g, 120 i, 120 k, 120 m.

As shown in FIG. 1 d, the nut 100, 110 can be secured by pulling the nut 100, 110 in a direction out of the rail 120 so that the flanges 100 a, 100 c, 110 a, 110 c engage recesses 120 h, 120 j, 120 l, 120 n. The configuration of the recesses 120 h, 120 j, 120 l, 120 n and the thicker rail portions before the recesses 120 h, 120 j, 120 l, 120 n can allow the nut 100, 110 to snap into the recesses 120 h, 120 j, 120 l, 120 n. The bolt 130, 140 can then be tightened to secure a module (not shown) or the support 150 to the rail 120. The nut 100, 110 can be removed in substantially the reverse method shown. This configuration can allow a user to more easily install and remove a module or support from a rail. Additionally, this configuration can allow a user to install and remove the module or support from a rail at any point along the rail without sliding the nut to or from the end of the rail.

The nut 100, 110 can be installed in other rail configurations. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 e to 1 h, the nut 100, 110 can be installed in a rail 121 configured for attachment to a ground mounting system (not shown) that has an existing substructure, including awnings and carports. The installation, removal, and adjustment of the nut 100, 110 in FIGS. 1 e to 1 h can be performed according to the method described with respect to FIGS. 1 a to 1 d.

FIGS. 2 a to 2 d show a system 200 for securing a rail 210 to a composition roof 220. Although the rail 210 is shown in the exemplary embodiment, it is intended that this system 200 can be applied to secure any support member, module, or other component to the roof 220. Indeed, the support member can secure any number of rails or structural components, can be secured to a variety of roof types, can be installed on trellises and on motor vehicles, such as motorhomes.

The roof 220 is generally made of a roof decking component 220 a and a rafter component 220 b. The roof 220 is typically oriented in a tilt, wherein a first end 220 c of roof 220 is elevated higher than a second end 220 d. The composition roof 220 can include a wood shake, shingle, and slate installation. Although the composition roof 220 is shown in a preferred embodiment, it is intended that the system 200 can be configured for other types of roofs, such as a concrete tile roof.

The system 200 includes a base 230, a flashing 240, and an L-foot 250. As shown in FIG. 2 e, The base 230 is shown as a rectangular component 230 a (shown in FIG. 2 e) having an aperture for receiving a lag bolt 230 b. The lag bolt 230 b, along with a washer 230 d, can secure the base 230 to the roof 220. In this example, the lag bolt 230 b is configured to screw into the rafter component 220 b. A threaded stud 230 c (shown in FIG. 2 e) extends upwards from the base 230 for securing the L-foot 250. The base 230 can be sealed to the roof 220.

The flashing 240 is positioned over the base 230. The flashing 240 is shown as a substantially flat rectangular component 240 a (shown in FIG. 2 d) having a dome 240 b (shown in FIG. 2 d) configured to cover the base 230, which protrudes from the surface of the roof 220. The dome 240 b can be made of may be any weather resistant material known and/convenient, such as plastic, rubber, or metal. The flashing 240 a and the dome 240 b are formed, for example by stamping, the flashing 240 from a single piece of sheetmetal such that the flashing 240 a and the dome 240 b are integrally coupled. The flashing 240 also has an aperture 240 c (shown in FIG. 2 f) for receiving the threaded stud 230 c. The flashing 240 provides a watertight seal around the base 230. The flashing 240 extends a distance toward the first end 220 c of roof 220 so that a shingle 220 e of the roof can overlap the flashing 240, as shown in FIG. 2 f. The flashing 240 can be made of galvanized steel or other material known to one of ordinary skill in the art.

The L-foot 250 acts as a support having an L-foot base 250 a that is secured to the threaded stud 230 c through an aperture 250 b using a flange nut 260. An L-foot extension 250 c extends from the L-foot base 250 a at about 90 degrees. The L-foot extension 250 c has an elongated aperture 250 d for securing the L-foot 250 to the rail 210, shown in the exemplary embodiment with a channel nut 270. The elongated shape of aperture 250 d can allow for fine-tuned height adjustments. A bolt 280 and a washer 290 can be used to secure the L-foot 250 to the channel nut 270.

As shown in FIGS. 3 a to 3 d, an alternative system is shown with full flashing. In this exemplary embodiment, a base 330 a is secured to a roof 320 by a bolt 330 b. A post 330 b attached by a bolt (similarly shown as bolt 415 in FIG. 4 a) extending from the base 330 a extends away from the roof 320. A flashing 340 can be installed over the base 330 a and substantially over the post 330 b as shown in FIG. 3 b. The flashing has a substantially flat rectangular component 340 a and a post flashing component 340 b that substantially covers the base 330 a and the post 330 b. The post flashing component 340 b can be substantially cone-shaped. In an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 3 c, a rectangular component 340 c can mimic the undulating shape of the roof 320 to allow for better protection of the base 330 a. Once the flashing 340 has been installed, the post 330 b can be secured to a rail 310 or other component using a clamp 350 or other securing mechanism.

An adjustable clamp assembly can be used to adjust the height of a rail or module secured to a roof or other surface. Referring to FIGS. 4 a and 4 b, an assembled post clamp 400 is shown. The post clamp 400 can be used with all roof types. As shown in FIGS. 4 a and 4 b, a post is used. Alternatively, in FIGS. 6 a to 6 d, an adjustable L-foot assembly is mounted to a roof.

The post clamp 400 includes a standoff base 410, a post 420, and a clamp 430. The standoff base 410 can be secured to a roof or other surface using a lag bolt 405 and a washer (not shown). Alternatively, the standoff base 410 can be secured using nails, epoxy, or other known methods. The standoff base 410 can be made of a durable weather resistant material, such as aluminum or stainless steel. A bolt 415 and a lock washer 425 can secure the post 420 to the standoff base 410. The post 430, as shown in this exemplary embodiment, is a cylindrical member, but can have any polygonal shape, including rectangular or hexagonal. The post 430 can be composed of any rigid weather resistant material, such as aluminum, steel, fiberglass, or any other material known and/or convenient. The post 430 can have apertures at each end for attachment to the standoff base 410 or other component.

The clamp 430 can be removably attached to the post 420 to enable a height adjustment of a module or rail, as well as easy installation and removal of the clamp 430 from the post 420. The clamp 430 has an aperture 430 a for receiving the post 420. The clamp 430 also has a first flange 430 b and an opposing second flange 430 c which are separated by a void that abuts the aperture 430 a. The first and second flanges 430 b, 430 c taper away from the aperture 430 a. The clamp 430 has an aperture 430 d for receiving a bolt 435 thread through a washer 440. The bolt 435 extends through the first flange 430 b and the second flange 430 c to a module or rail, shown here as a channel nut 445 used to secure a rail 450. The bolt 435 can also secure the clamp 430 to an L-foot 455, module, rail, or other component, as shown in a steep tilt configuration depicted in FIG. 4 c. As the bolt 435 is actuated and enters the aperture 430 d, the first flange 430 b and the second flange 430 c move toward each other to tighten the clamp 430 on the post 420. The clamp 430 can remain in position on the post 420 because of the pressure exerted by the tightened clamp 430 and the resulting friction that must be overcome to move the clamp 430. In order to loosen the clamp 430 for adjustment or removal, the bolt 435 is rotated in a direction to disengage the aperture 430 d. The clamp 430, which is attached to the rail 450, can be adjusted along post 420 to adjust the height of the rail 450. As shown in a shallow tilt configuration depicted in FIG. 4 d, in order to tilt a module 460, clamp 430 on a first post 420 a can be positioned higher than a clamp 430 on a second post 420 b.

A clamp can adjust along a post at any varied height. If the post is not high enough, the post can be extended using at least one spacer. Referring to FIGS. 5 a and 5 b, a post 500 is secured to a standoff base 510 using a bolt 520. A clamp 530 secures a rail 540 to the post 500. As shown in FIG. 5 a, the clamp 530 is at a first position (shown having a rail height at about 7.5 inches) along the post 500. As shown in FIG. 5 b, the clamp 530 is at a second position (shown having a rail height at about 8.5 inches) along the post 500. The clamp 530 can be tightened at any point along the post 500 and is not limited to those positions shown in these exemplary embodiments.

At least one spacer can be added to the post to allow a further height adjustment and/or leveling on an uneven surface. As shown in FIG. 5 c, one spacer 550 has been added to the top of the post 500. As a result, the clamp 530 can be adjusted to achieve a third position (shown having a rail height at about 9.5 inches) that, upon adding the spacer 550, can be adjusted from about 7.5 inches to about 9.5 inches. As shown in FIG. 5 d, two spacers 550 have been added to the top of the post 500. As a result, the clamp 530 can be adjusted to achieve a fourth position (shown having a rail height at about 10.5 inches) that, upon adding the second spacer 550, can be adjusted from about 7.5 inches to about 10.5 inches. The spacer 550 acts as an extension of the post 500 and can take a similar form. For example, if the post 500 is a cylindrical member, the spacer 500 can also be a cylindrical member having the same diameter. The spacer 550 can attach to the post 500 or another spacer 550 using a set screw (not shown). The spacer 550 can be manufactured in a standard size, such as one inch, for easier calculations of height adjustments. The clamp 530 can be tightened at any point along the post 500 and is not limited to those positions shown in these exemplary embodiments.

A spacer can also be added to an L-foot support for added height and/or leveling on an uneven surface. FIG. 6 a shows an L-foot 600 securing a rail 640 to a roof (not shown), wherein the L-foot 600 is attached to a base 610 and a flashing 620. The rail 640 is positioned with a rail height of about 3.33 inches.

Referring to FIG. 6 b, the rail 640 can be adjusted along the L-foot 600 using an elongated aperture (shown as aperture 250 d in FIG. 2 a) in L-foot 600. The rail 640 can be positioned with a rail height of between about 3.33 and 4.33 inches.

Referring to FIG. 6 c, a spacer 650 can be secured to the base 610 by a threaded stud 660 extending from the base 610. A set screw 670 can secure the L-foot 600 to the spacer 650. A nut 680 secures the L-foot 600 to the set screw 670. The rail 640 can be positioned with a rail height of between about 4.33 and 5.33 inches.

Referring to FIG. 6 d, a first spacer 650 a can be secured to the base 610 by threaded stud 660. A second spacer 650 b can be secured to the first spacer 650 a and L-foot 600 can be secured to the second spacer 650 b by set screw 660. Nut 680 secures the L-foot 600 to the set screw 670. Additional spacers can also be included between first spacer 650 a and second spacer 650 b. The rail 640 can be positioned with a rail height of between about 5.33 inches and 6.33 inches.

The embodiments described above are intended to be exemplary. One skilled in the art recognizes that numerous alternative components and embodiments that may be substituted for the particular examples described herein and still fall within the scope of the invention. 

1. A nut for securing a component to a rail, the nut comprising: an aperture for receiving a bolt; a first flange configured for engaging a first recess on a first side of the rail; and a second flange configured for engaging a second recess on a second side of the rail opposing the first side of the rail, wherein the nut is configured to be inserted or removed from the rail at an angle.
 2. The nut according to claim 1, wherein the first and second flanges snap into the first and second recesses.
 3. The nut according to claim 1, wherein when the nut is being installed, the nut is configured to be oriented perpendicular to the direction of insertion after the nut has been inserted at an angle.
 4. The nut according to claim 1, wherein the first flange forms a nut recess configured to engage a first flange of the rail, and the second flange forms a nut recess configured to engage a second flange of the rail.
 5. An assembly for securing a component to a roof, the assembly comprising: a base configured to be secured to the roof, a flashing installed over the base including: a rectangular portion configured to extend toward a higher elevated side of the roof and to be installed under a shake, shingle, slate, or tile; and a domed portion configured to substantially cover the base; a support secured to the base through a securing component that extends from the base and through the flashing, wherein the support is configured to secure a module or a rail.
 6. The assembly according to claim 5, wherein the support is an L-foot.
 7. The assembly according to claim 5, wherein the support is a post.
 8. The assembly according to claim 7, wherein the domed portion substantially covers the post.
 9. The assembly according to claim 5, wherein the rectangular portion is flat.
 10. An assembly comprising: a base; a post secured to and extending from the base; a clamp configured for securing a rail, module, or supporting component to the post, the clamp comprising: a post-receiving aperture for receiving the post; a first flange; a second flange; a void between the first and second flanges, wherein the void abuts the aperture; and a securing aperture for receiving a securing component for securing the rail or module to the clamp, wherein rotating the securing component causes the first flange to approach the second flange and decrease the size of the post-receiving aperture.
 11. The assembly according to claim 10, wherein the clamp is adjustable substantially along the length of the post.
 12. The assembly according to claim 10, wherein the first and second flanges taper away from the aperture.
 13. An assembly for securing a component to a base, the assembly comprising: a post; a clamp secured to the component, wherein the clamp is adjustable substantially along the length of the post; and at least one spacer secured to the post, wherein the clamp is adjustable substantially along the length of the spacer.
 14. The assembly according to claim 13, wherein the spacer is secured to the post by a set screw.
 15. The assembly according to claim 13, wherein the post is secured to the base at a first distal end of the post, and the post is secured to the spacer at a second distal end of the post.
 16. An assembly for securing a component to a base, the assembly comprising: a support component configured to be secured to the base and for securing the component; and at least one spacer secured to the support component.
 17. The assembly according to claim 16, wherein the spacer is secured to the post and the base by at least one set screw.
 18. The assembly according to claim 16, wherein the support component is an L-foot.
 19. The assembly according to claim 16, wherein a first spacer is secured to the support component, a second spacer is secured to the base, and the first spacer is secured to the second spacer.
 20. The assembly according to claim 19, wherein the first spacer is secured to the second spacer by a set screw. 